Headaches and Vitamin D 

Headaches-no one wants them or needs them, but everyone experiences a headache at some point. Whether a dull throb that accompanies stress or the sharper pain of a migraine attack, headaches are universal. If your usual methods for alleviating discomfort include taking an aspirin, resting, or applying a cold compress, you may be neglecting a significant yet often overlooked factor: vitamin D deficiency. 

Vitamin D in your body 

Vitamin D is distinctive among vitamins, functioning more akin to a hormone within the body. It regulates the levels of calcium and phosphorus, which are vital for the maintenance and health of bones and teeth. Additionally, vitamin D plays a crucial role in several other physiological processes, including those involving the immune system and neuromuscular function. 

The primary source of vitamin D is exposure to sunlight. When the skin is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, the body synthesizes vitamin D. Additionally, vitamin D can be obtained through various dietary sources and supplements. 

Severe and prolonged vitamin D deficiency impacts the intestines' ability to absorb calcium and phosphorus, leading to calcium disorders, such as hypocalcemia (low calcium levels in the bloodstream). Hypocalcemia may cause secondary hyperparathyroidism, where the parathyroid glands become overactive to stabilize blood calcium levels. 

The link between vitamin D deficiency and headaches 

Emerging research found in the National Library of Medicine (NLM) has delved into the  association between vitamin D levels and headaches. The findings suggest several  potential links: 

Vitamin D and inflammation in migraines 

Inflammation can trigger migraines and is linked to certain seasons, suggesting a connection between vitamin D deficiency and increased migraine attacks. Low vitamin D levels may cause excessive inflammation and more pain. 

The study also found that higher vitamin D levels reduce C-reactive protein, an  inflammation marker. Taking vitamin D can lower this inflammatory factor. 

Vitamin D, magnesium, and headaches 

Migraines and headaches may also be linked to vitamin D through its role in magnesium absorption. Magnesium is crucial for healthy nerve transmission and can protect against neuronal cell death.  

Vitamin D deficiency can lead to reduced magnesium absorption, which may trigger more migraines. The study suggests that supplementing with magnesium can benefit migraine patients. 

Vitamin D and nitric oxide 

Vitamin D reduces nitric oxide production, a key mediator of migraines. During headache attacks, nitric oxide levels increase in the blood. Vitamin D may help decrease migraine attacks by reducing nitric oxide synthesis. 

Vitamin D’s impact on serotonin and dopamine 

Vitamin D can influence the release of serotonin and dopamine, both of which are connected to migraines. Apart from its role in migraine, vitamin D deficiency can cause depression, which is common among headache patients. 

Vitamin D and brain receptors 

The study found a link between headaches and vitamin D, specifically through receptors, 1-alpha-hydroxylase, and binding proteins in the brain, mainly in the hypothalamus. Variations in certain vitamin D receptor genes are associated with migraines without auras. 

Vitamin D and other primary headaches 

Research also shows a strong link between low vitamin D levels and chronic muscle pain, suggesting a connection to chronic tension-type headaches. Additionally, cluster headaches show seasonal patterns — another nod to vitamin D’s involvement. 

How to get more vitamin D: Sunlight, diet, and supplementation 

The vitamin D requirements of individuals can vary significantly. Therefore, we at Palmetto Endocrinology conduct tests, inquire about relevant information, and review your health and medical history prior to providing treatment. Nonetheless, it is generally recommended that most healthy adults consume approximately 15 mcg of vitamin D daily. If you’re running low, we may suggest: 

Sunlight exposure 

Optimizing sun exposure without increasing the risk of skin cancer is important. A few minutes of direct sun on your arms, legs, face, or back without sunscreen is a good rule of thumb. 

Diet 

Eating more fatty fish, fortified dairy, orange juice, and egg yolks can help boost your vitamin D levels. 

Supplementation 

Supplements can be a safe and effective way to increase vitamin D levels but discuss it with our specialists first to determine the appropriate dosage for you. 

There is evidence suggesting a correlation between headaches and vitamin D deficiency. At Palmetto Endocrinology, we are equipped to assist you. Please contact us via phone or schedule an appointment online to determine if vitamin D deficiency may be contributing to your headaches. 

Author

Joseph Mathews, MD, FACP, FACE, ECNU, CCD Joseph W. Mathews M.D., a board certified Endocrinologist and Medical Director of Palmetto Endocrinology, was born and raised in South Carolina. He earned his Bachelor of Science in Biology from the College of Charleston, Cum Laude. He then achieved his M.D. at the Medical University of South Carolina where he also completed his residency in Internal Medicine and a Fellowship in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism. Dr. Mathews is also a Fellow of both the American College of Endocrinology and the American College of Physicians, holds an Endocrine Certification in Neck Ultrasound (ECNU) and is a Certified Clinical Densitometrist (CCD). He has extensive experience performing ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsies. His practice includes a range of specializations including prescribing and fitting patients with insulin pumps. Dr. Mathews' practice has drawn patients from out of state to benefit from his expertise in thyroid disorders, diabetes, cortisol problems and their Endocrine disorders.